Direct / Indirect

Direct adalah kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh pembicara dan jika ditulis kalimat tersebut akan diberi tanda kutip.

Sedangkan Indirect  adalah kalimat yang kita laporkan kepada orang lain secara tidak langsung dan tanpa diberi koma.

Perubahan untuk bentuk waktu dari direct ke indirect

Direct	Indirect
Simple Present Tense Present Continuous Tense Present Perfect Tense Present Perfect Continuous Tense Simple Past Tense Simple Future Tense Future Continuous Tense Conditional	Simple Past Tense Past Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Perfect Continuous Tense Past Perfect Tense Past Future Tense/Conditional Past Future Continuous Tense (Conditional Continuous) Conditional

Contoh :

Direct		Indirect
Simple present	menjadi	Simple past
He said “The woman comes”	menjadi	He said that the woman came

PERUBAHAN ADVERB OF TIME (KETERANGAN WAKTU) YANG PERLU DIPERHATIKAN:

Direct	→	Indirect
Now  Today Tonight This week Yesterday The day before yesterday Last night Last week/year A year ago Tomorrow The day after tomorrow Next week/year On Sunday	→ → → → → → → → → → → → → →	Then That day That night That week The day before Two days before The night before The previous week/year A year before/The previous year The next day/The following day In two day’s time/The following day The following week/year On Sunday

PERUBAHAN AUXILIARIES (KATA BANTU) YANG HARUS DIPERHATIKAN:
Can      →        Could
May     →        Might
Might  →        Might
Must    →        Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa) *etc.
Contoh: The man said, “I must mend the wall next week”

    Menjadi : The man said that he would have to mend the wall the following week.

Beberapa contoh kalimat-kalimat dengan berbagai jenis direct / indirect :

Direct / Indirect Statements

Direct :

1.      Budiman told anita, “I want to take you to the art exhibition tonight”

2.      Anita told me,”I bought some folktale books last night”

Indirect :

1.      Budiman told Anita that he wanted to take her to Art exhibition that night

2.      Anita told me that she had bought some folktale books the night before

Direct / Indirect : Yes / No question

Direct :

1.      The teacher asked the students,”did you traditional dance yesterday?”

2.      Mother asked me,”Do you plan to go to Bali with your friends next month?”

Indirect :

1.      The teacher asked the students if they had practice traditional  dance the day before

2.      Mother asked me if I planned to go to Bali with my friends the following month

Direct / Indirect : “With question words”

Direct:

1.      Budi asked Rani,”where did you buy this story book last night?”

2.      Father asked his son,”Whom will you go to the art exhibition tonight with?”

Indirect :

1.      Budi asked Rani where she had bought that story book the night before

2.      Father asked his son whom he would go to the art exhibition that night with

Direct / Indirect : command and prohibition

Direct :

1.      The teacher told the students,”Keep practicing dancing traditional dance!”

Indirect :

The teacher told the students to keep practicing dancing traditional dance